Notes on the Lingoa Geral or Modern Tupi of the Amazonas

Transactions of the American Philological Association (1869-1896), Volume
3. — January 1, 1872. — PP. 58—76.The great Tupi-Guarani stock, in its migrations over South America east of the Andes, broke up, long ago, into a large number of tribes, which, living apart from one another, developed, in course of time, more or less distinct manners and customs, religious ideas, and languages. Of these great
divisions of the stock we have, for instance, the Guaranis of Paraguay ; the Apiacas of Central Brazil; the Mundurucus, the Maues, and Omauas (Omaguas) of the Amazonas; the Tupfs proper of the Brazilian coast and the Amazonas, now almost entirely civilized ; and other tribes which I shall not
here enumerate.